Turkeys are native to North America and there are two species–the wild turkey, which is native to what is now the eastern and central regions of the United States, and the Ocellated turkey which is native to southern Mexico. Surprisingly, the domestic turkeys in the United States probably originated not from our native birds, but from the the Mexican species.
The Mayans are thought to have domesticated turkeys about 2000 years ago. Symbols of the birds are featured in Mayan manuscripts and chronicles of the Spanish expeditions to the Yucatan describe foods made of turkey. Spanish explorers brought the birds from Mexico to Europe in the early 1500s, where they were very popular with aristocrats. Turkeys arrived in England during the mid-1500s, and when English settlers came to North America, they brought domestic turkeys with them. (I wonder if they were surprised to see that there were already turkeys there.)
There were through to be about 10 million wild turkeys in the United States in the 1600s. By the 1930s there were an estimated 30,000 birds. In the mid-20th century, biologists began trapping turkeys from the Ozarks and New York, two of the places that still had wild turkeys, and transplanting them to other areas around the country.
Domestic turkeys were a luxury item until the 1940s when farmers began intensively breeding the birds and the prices dropped. The advent of refrigeration allowed for frozen turkeys, which greatly increased the market as turkeys could now be shipped to other parts of the country.
Ben Franklin did not suggest that the turkey become our national symbol, however, he was not a fan of the bald eagle. When comparing the two birds, he said, [The turkey is] “a much more respectable Bird, and withal a true original Native of America…He is besides, though a little vain & silly, a Bird of Courage.”
Interestingly, this bird of courage can be aggressive toward humans. I can’t say that I blame them, all things considered. On that note, I have to ask, are you a Thanksgiving turkey fan? Or do you prefer another protein? One randomly drawn respondent will receive a $20 Amazon gift card.
Happy Thanksgiving!