Cheesey Spud Chowder

Potatoes are one of my absolute favorite foods, no matter how they’re cooked, baked, fried, mashed, or chowderfied. This is a variation of my mom-in-laws recipe.
Ingredients:

5 pounds of potatoes, peeled and cubed (I use brown/golden potatoes)
4 stalks Celery, diced
1 tsp Onion Salt
1 tsp Pepper
1/8 cup Chicken Soup Base (or two billion cubes)

4 cups Half and Half
1 can Cream of Celery Soup
1 1/2 lb Cheddar Cheese, shredded
1/2 tsp Paprika

**Optional**
1/2 tsp Cayenne Pepper (for spice fiends like myself)
Four strips of bacon, chopped and fried to a crisp
Small Sour Dough Bread Rounds

Add potatoes, celery, onion salt, pepper and soup base to 1 quart water. Water should just cover the potatoes. Bring to boil. Boil approximately 20 minutes, until potatoes are tender. Add Half and Half, Cream of Celery Soup, Cheese, and Paprika (Cayenne Pepper optional). Cook over medium low for another 20 minutes, stirring frequently.

We love the sour dough bread bowls. Slice off the top of the round, pull bread from immediate center, not too close to the crust (we place that bread around the plate to dip in the chowder), fill with chowder, top with bacon.

YUM šŸ™‚

To comment on Patricia Potter’s recipe, click here.

LABOR DAY ~ A Hard-Earned Holiday

When I went into the bank yesterday the gals seemed a tad extra cheerful and there was excited chatter about plans for the three-day weekend. It is, after all, their holiday, a day of recognition and appreciation for the American work force. That got me to thinking about the origins of Labor Day, a movement that started in the hubbub of my favorite era.

By general definition, Labor Day, the first Monday in September, is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It constitutes a yearly national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity and well-being of our country. But Labor Day didn’t start out as a national holiday.

The first state in our union to recognize this holiday was New York, on September 5 1882. The Central Labor Union organized a parade and picnics and urged similar organizations in other cities to follow the example of New York and celebrate a “workingmen’s holiday” on that date. A movement began through the labor unions to secure state legislation for the federal holiday.Ā 

By 1894 twenty-three of the fifty states recognized Labor Day as a state holiday, but it would take a nationwide labor dispute and the tragic loss of lives to secure a national holiday.Ā  Labor unions took on the dastardly railroad in what became known as the Pullman Strike. The conflict began in the town of Pullman, Illinois on May 11 when approximately 3,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a strike in response to recent reductions in wages, bringing traffic west of Chicago to a halt. The American Railway Union, the nation’s first industry-wide union, became embroiled in what The New York Times described as “a struggle between the greatest and most important labor organization and the entire railroad capital” that involved some 250,000 workers in 27 states at its peak. The strike crippled the transportation system in major cities and disrupted federal mail delivery. In July President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to Chicago to end the strike. Violence ensued, causing a number of deaths.Ā  With speculation brewing about the president’s constitutional authority to implement such force,Ā  President Grover Cleveland put reconciliation with the labor movement as a top political priority. Fearing further conflict, legislation making Labor Day a national holiday was rushed through Congress unanimously and signed into law a mere six days after the end of the strike.

A hard-earned holiday I hope all our readers will be able to enjoy with some fun and relaxation.


Stacey Kayne ~ Cultivating My Westerns

I’m often asked where I get my story ideas and was recently asked if I got them from watching soap operas—which drew immediate laughter from me, because frankly (aside from the fact that I write westerns), I couldn’t watch a soap to save my life. Nothing against those who enjoy them, I simply don’t possess enough patience to enjoy a never-ending story. I need closure. In fact, I’m rather obsessed with the guarantee I’ll get closure even with my own stories and tend to write my last chapter early on…often times long before I finish the first chapter. I actually wrote the last chapter first for THE GUNSLINGER’S UNTAMED BRIDE. I knew the story would take place in a logging camp, and though I knew next to nothing about the characters as individuals, I knew exactly how their story would end in reference to the setting.

For me, setting tends to dictate my stories. I always start with a location first. BRIDE OF SHADOW CANYON was my first completed manuscript, a story that I built around a journey. My mind already envisioned all the locations I wanted to share with readers, I just had to come up with reasons to get my characters there and incorporate them into the scenes. So, as one might guess, most my stories start with me staring at maps, deciding where I want to go, where I want to take my readers, and how I can work a love story into the trip. I still have the maps for BRIDE and MUSTANG WILD, pinpointing each leg of their journey, as well as collages I made with a clockwise placement of snippets showing the changing landscapes as their story progressed.

I’m currently at work on a new series, but for months after finishing my last WILD book a new storyline refused to surface in my mind. I bought a ton of reference books on characters, pioneers, orphan train children, school teachers, doctors, miners, hoping to plant a seed and characters would take root and blossom into a story. I should have known better—it took stumbling across a book of Civil War maps to make the first strike in fertile ground. While pouring over the maps and reading about cartographers, I unearthed the era of the first book…whoever my heroes were, they were going to emerge into the chaos of Post Civil War. The maps reminded me that location was key in growing my books (It had been a while since starting a new series, I had forgotten!), and since I already had a vague notion that I wanted to explore Montana I found the textbook used to teach Montana history at the UC, dove into all the social and political turmoil happening in my chosen era, of which there was an abundance, and BAM! My heroes started taking shape and talking to me šŸ˜€

My heroes are always the first to stomp an impression into my mind, their temperaments defining the type of heroine they’ll require to get them under control šŸ˜‰ Once I have a course set and a solid hero, everything else tends to spiral from there and fall into place. The first hero to arrive ended up being the hero of the second book for this series. I’m working on four books at present—they always come in a lot, and I tend to fall for the whole cast, and there’s always that secondary character that tries to steal the spotlight, ensuring he’ll get his own book. The loudest in this bunch has become my favorite, though he doesn’t get his own story until book three. He’s the rowdiest and most rotten, so of course his name is Gabriel. Here’s a little snippet from book two, the first time he wrangled me into his head, ensuring he’d get his own story. He’s tormenting Lake, the hero in book two, which is one of his favorite pastimes:

Gabriel Quaid crouched beside the entwined couple sleeping soundly beneath the low shelter. He hated to wake them, and wished to hell he had one of them picture cameras. He’d sell his right boot for a still frame of Lake holding the fair-haired woman, wrapped in each others arms, her pretty pink lips pressed against his neck, Lake’s fingers tangled in her hair. Hell, he’d ride barefoot and bare-assed to possess such torment. Laughter escaped his throat at the mere thought.

Eyes dark as demon coal sprang open, Lake pinning him without moving another muscle. Quaid grinned so wide it hurt.

ā€œEasy, pardner,ā€ he whispered. ā€œI wouldn’t make any sudden moves if I were you. Then again, if I’s holding that bit of softness, I’d be doing my damnedest to slide my hands across those smooth curves and warm valleys while I had the chance.ā€

Lake stiffened, the slight move stirring Miss Fairchild. She shifted against him, her sleepy moan sounding like a contented purr. Watching sweat bead on Lake’s brow was the most fun Quaid had had since the brawl back at Fort Smith. In the five years he’d ridden with Lake, the stiff-necked half-breed didn’t cotton to white women, not one bit. The unfamiliar trace of fear etched across his friend’s expression told him this little woman had put a chink in that particular prejudice.

ā€œPerty, ain’t she?ā€ he taunted, his voice no more than a low rumble.

Oh hell, look at the murder in those eyes.

*Sigh* I do love the bad boys. I think mostly because they require the strongest breed of feisty heroines, and Quaid’s Lady Love is about as headstrong as they come.

Sadly, my new crop of westerns is still a ways off from being harvested and packaged up for the masses—but after an unintended detour from writing over the past year I’m downright giddy to be back in the fields!

STACEY’S CALIFORNIA SUMMER

I hope all our Fillies attending the Romance Writer’s of America National Conference are having a great time in Florida. I figured this would be a good time to share some of my summer travels.

We’ve been jaunting all over California this summer. We started off with a bang by heading to San Jose to take our teens to the Van’s Warp Tour concert; twelve stages, eighty bands, a day full of music mayhem. The next day we took our tone-deaf, sunburned selves to the Winchester Mystery House, the 160-bedroom, 40-bathroom mansion built by the Winchester Rifle heiress. Believing she was haunted by all the spirits gunned down by Winchester rifles, and that the only way to please them was to keep building on her house, she started with a little three-bedroom farmhouse in 1884, and ended with house that covered 4.5 acres at the time of her death in 1922.Ā  A house with stairways to the ceiling, doors to nowhere and countless other oddities to fool the spirits. Can you believe the house was declared uninhabitable after her death and was appraised for $5000. Mary did a post about the house a while back: Haunted Winchester Mystery House.

We then headed to Santa Cruz for the Fourth of July and decided to make spending the fourth on the coast a new family tradition—watching fireworks over the bay was amazing. Boats in the harbor and people on the beach were lighting up the sky nonstop from dusk to midnight. We’d never seen anything like it—amazing. Just as cool, a pod of dolphins had taken up residence in a cove right along the Santa Cruz Warf, I’m talking five feet from shore, getting up close and personal with swimmers and surfers. Better than Sea World šŸ™‚

We then spent a couple days driving down the coast, though due the unseasonably wet and overcast weather, we didn’t get any pictures of the beaches šŸ™

Of course, we made it home in time for 110-degree heat. Thankfully, we were only home to repack and head for the mountains. *happy sigh* I had seriously forgotten how much I love the Sierras. We spent a couple days at the Bass Lake resort, the perfect place to really sit back, unwind and recharge the batteries. This was the view from our deck. Check out the diving platform out on the lake.

They’ve got bike trails, boat rentals, a sweet beach to kick back on. We’re all pining to go back! We also celebrated my hubby’s birthday. Here’s a pic of my men, Tanner, Steve and Ethan.

Ethan does not travel without instruments—in fact, that’s his mini-car-guitar, literally stays in the truck. We get live music, all the time šŸ˜€

After some relaxation by the lake, we hit the trails for the main attraction—Yosemite’s waterfalls. It had been a couple years since we’d made it to Yosemite (for shame!), and I swear those giant trees have soul-soothing properties. I made the hubby promise to haul me back up there ever couple monthsĀ  šŸ˜‰

The picture below I took of Bridal Veil Falls. You can so see how it garnered the name—the wind sweeping the water away from the rock to look like a bride’s veil.

Yosemite Falls is my favorite, this is a view from pretty far up the trail—my favorite view—where you can see all three tiers.

Those who want to get right up on the base of the fall can climb over the rocks—see the kid in the white shirt heading for the edge below—that’s Tanner.

When you reach the base, you can really feel the force of that water, the gust of wind and heavy spray in the air.

Definitely the highlight of my summer, and worth the mountain of laundry I was faced with once we unloaded on the home front.

How about the rest of y’all?Ā  Taken any getaways this summer? Care to share any highlights?Ā  Any place you haven’t been that’s on the MUST DO list?

ANGEL BOYS, watching my babies grow…

I’m taking a personal detour today and having a total Mom Moment.Ā  The past two weeks have been a whirlwind of another school year coming to an end for my boys, full of concerts, recitals and scrambling to get those last assignments turned in.Ā  Today (yesterday) was the last day of Freshman year for Ethan, my youngest, and I cannot believe both my boys will be finished with high school in only three short years.Ā  I swear it was only yesterday when I sent them off for their first day of kindergarten and first grade.

My angel boys.Ā  Aren’t they precious!Ā  This past week we’ve also been converting all our old VHS home videos to disc, images from sonograms to teens filling my TV for the past week…oh man.Ā  I’ve been blessed to be an at-home mom, and yet it still seems like I blinked and they went from toddlers to this…

My house is currently throbbing with blaring amps, pounding drums and the deep rowdy voices of a whole gang of teenage boys — a steady chaos I know I’ll be missing before long.Ā  Tomorrow their cousin and some of their closest friends will graduate, another friend leaving for the Army in in just a couple weeks. Huge changes, the constant motion and evolution of life, and suddenly, myĀ  babies, who’d seemed securely tucked into our nest a few short months ago, are teetering awfully close to the edge, so to speak. Conversations have shifted from games, toys and movies to colleges, careers, hopes and goals. And DRIVING–egads!Ā  SoĀ  much to be accomplished in just a few years!Ā  There seems to be this new urgency combined with the usual impatience of youth *lol*.

Tanner, my oldest, is focused on airplane mechanics, his sights set on a career in the Air Force. He’s been pouring over books on turbine engines and jet propulsion.Ā  Ethan is my musical one, playing the guitar, piano, drums and most recently the ukulele (my house is not a quiet place *g*). He’s also in choir and he volunteered to play his guitar as a pre-show for their spring concert last week. I uploaded a video clip of his solo below—advanced apologies for the bumpy motion for those who check it out–I was filming with one hand, taking pictures with the other.Ā  The lighting wasn’t the best, but the sound came through great–not that I’m a proud mom or anything šŸ™‚

While I’m feeling a tad misty-eyed about all the years that have gone by so quickly, I’m excited for all that is still to come and try to keep a lid on the parental angst and to remember to enjoy today before it’s gone. No matter how old my guys get, they will always be my angel boys šŸ˜‰

Anyone else out there enjoying this end-of-the-year school scramble? Care to share any advice or memories?

Cowboy Wisdom

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My blog day sneaked up on me and I find myself short of words, so I figured this would be a great time to share some cowboy quotes that made me smile (hopefully a few you haven’t heard)…and a little visual inspiration can’t hurt šŸ™‚

Cowboy Wisdom

  • Never approach a bull from the front, a horse from the rear, or a fool from any direction.
  • Don’t squat with your spurs on.cowboy-wow
  • Don’t judge people by their relatives.
  • Behind every successful rancher is a wife who works in town.
  • When you lose, don’t lose the lesson.
  • Talk slowly, think quickly.
  • Remember that silence is sometimes the best answer.
  • Live a good, honorable life. Then when you get older and think back, you’ll enjoy it a second time.
  • Don’t interfere with something that ain’t botherin’ you none.
  • Timing has a lot to do with the outcome of a rain dance.
  • It’s better to be a has-been that a never-was.
  • The easiest way to eat crow is while it’s still warm. The colder it gets, the harder is is to swoller.
  • If you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is stop diggin’.
  • If it don’t seem like it’s worth the effort, it probably ain’t.
  • It don’t take a genius to spot a goat in a flock of sheep.
  • Sometimes you get and sometimes you get got.
  • If you get to thinkin’ you’re a person of some influence, try orderin’ somebody else’s dog around.
  • Don’t worry about bitin’ off more’n you can chew; your mouth is probably a whole lot bigger’n you think.
  • Always drink upstream from the herd.
  • Generally, you ain’t learnin’ nothing when your mouth’s a-jawin’.
  • Tellin’ a man to git lost and makin’ him do it are two entirely different propositions.cowboyrosery
  • If you’re ridin’ ahead of the herd, take a look back every now and then to make sure it’s still there with ya.
  • Good judgment comes from experience, and a lotta that comes from bad judgment.
  • When you give a personal lesson in meanness to a critter or to a person, don’t be surprised if they learn their lesson.
  • When you’re throwin’ your weight around, be ready to have it thrown around by somebody else.
  • Lettin’ the cat outta the bag is a whole lot easier than puttin’ it back.
  • Always take a good look at what you’re about to eat. It’s not so important to know what it is, but it’s sure crucial to know what it was.
  • The quickest way to double your money is to fold it over and put it back into your pocket.
  • You can’t tell how good a man or a watermelon is ’til they get thumped.(Character shows up best when tested.)
  • Never miss a good chance to shut up.
  • If lawyers are disbarred and clergymen are defrocked, shouldn’t it follow that cowboys would be deranged?
  • There never was a horse that couldn’t be rode; Never was a cowboy who couldn’t be throwed.

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John Wayne

“Talk low, talk slow, and don’t say too much.”

“Courage is being scared to death – and saddling up anyway.”

Inscription on Mr. Wayne’s headstone:
“Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us at midnight very clean. It’s perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. It hopes we’ve learnt something from yesterday.”


Hard to beat The Duke for some great cowboy wisdom and inspiration…just love that inscription.

How about the rest of y’all–any favorites from the list? Have any to add?

Cigarettes, Cheroots & Stogies

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Marlboro Man

When I began writing westerns, labeling a cowboy’s choice of smoke became a bit of a tricky wicket. I was repeatedly told ā€œcigaretteā€ is too modern of a term to be used in the 1870’s…but is it really? While ā€œcherootā€ is totally expectable, is a cheroot a cigarette?

Uh…no. A cheroot is a cylinder shaped cigar that does not taper and is clipped at each end. While cigarettes today are clipped at each end, in the mid to late 1800’s cigarettes were generally hand-rolled by the smoker. A cowboy had his pouch of tobacco and a book of rolling papers.

The word cigarette is a French word meaning ā€œsmall cigarā€.

BullDurham

Ā 

In 1854 Dr. Bartlett Durham sold four acres of land to the North Carolina Railroad Company to build a new station between Hillsborough and Raleigh and before long a small settlement grew there which was to become the city of Durham. The first tobacco factory had opened in Durham in 1854 by R. F. Morris. Ten years later, In 1865 the armies of Union and Confederate forces gathered around Durham Station as General Joseph E. Johnston negotiated his surrender to General William T. Sherman at Bennett Place at the end of the Civil War. Union troops liked the taste of the local bright leaf tobacco. This began the growth of Durham’s tobacco industry andĀ led the city to prosperity. By 1880Ā Durham’s population had grown to over 2000. Textile mills began to grow along the railroad lines and banks and insurance companies soon appeared as money flowed into the community.

cigarettes

1860: Manufactured cigarettes first appear in the United States. A popular early brand, Bull Durham, commanded 90% of the market

1861-1865: Tobacco is given with rations to Union and Confederate soldiers during the Civil War, and many Northerners are introduced to tobacco this way. During Sherman’s march, Union soldiers raided warehouses in search of the mild, sweet “bright” tobacco of the South. Bright tobacco becomes the rage in the North and eventually replaces the heavier Turkish tobacco in cigarettes.

1864: First American cigarette factory opens and produces almost 20 million cigarettes annually.

The word stogie has an interesting conception. “Stogie” is short for Conestoga. The cigar was the smoke of choice for teamsters driving Conestoga wagons in the cigar-making Conestoga valley area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

For the ninteenth century smoker on a tight budget, a pipe was the most affordable option. But pipes will have to be a blog for another day šŸ™‚

Lucky Irish Clover

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StPatricksDayImage-March

St. Patrick’s Day is fast approaching and I can already smell the corn-beef and cabbage–a St.Patrick’s Day must in our house. My hubby is half Irish, though with his fair skin and orange beard, he looks more like a giant leprechaun (he really hates it when I call him that *g*). I have always found it interesting that the four-leaf clover is a symbol synonymous for this Irish holiday.Ā  While the four-leaf clover is certainly a universal symbol for good luck, the true Irish clover, aka, the Shamrock, is a THREE-leaf clover. St. Patrick himself chose the shamrock specifically because of the three leaves, using the clover as a symbol of the Holy Trinity. I came across a Celtic gift site that had a some great facts on both shamrocks and four-leaf clovers.

The Shamrock: a 3-Leaf Clover, is Ireland’s most recognized National Symbol.

  • In the 5th century when St. Patrick came to convert the Irish information on Christianity could only be spread across the realm from one storyteller, or seanchaĆ­, pronounced shan-a-key to the other.Shamrock
  • In mind of this St. Patrick used to the Shamrock to explain the concept of the holy trinity – that God was composed of three entities – the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit – yet each entity was part of the other just like the shamrock has three leaves but a single stem.
  • As St. Patrick continued to use the Shamrock in his conversion of the irish it grew, through story telling to be seen as a holy plant, just as he was seen as a holy man.
  • It is for this reason that the Shamrock is worn on the St. Patrick’s day and all other special occasions to celebrate his work and to bring ‘a bit o’luck’ to the Irish and all their children wherever they may be.
  • Before the arrival of the Christians to Ireland the plant was sacred to the Irish Druids because the three leaves formed a triad.
  • The word shamrock comes from the Irish word seamróg or seamair óg, meaning “little clover”.
  • The tradition of wearing Shamrock on Saint Patrick’s Day can be traced back to the early 1700s.
  • For good luck, it’s usually included in the bouquet of an Irish bride, and also in the boutonniere of the groom.
  • In the 19th century it became a symbol of rebellion and began to be strongly associated with Irish identity. Apparently anyone wearing it risked death by hanging. People even ate the shamrock in times of famine.

4-Leaf Clover and Luck:

  • Druids held the 4 leaf clover in high esteem and considered them a sign of luck. In 1620, Sir John Melton wrote: “If a man walking in the fields find any four-leaved grass, he shall in a small while after find some good thing.FourLeafClover
  • According to Irish folklore, finding a stem of clover with 4 leaves will bring you good luck, but finding a clover stem with more than 4 leaves will not bring you even more luck.
  • The mystique of the four leaf clover continues today, since finding a real four leaf clover is still a rare occurrence and omen of good luck.
  • One leaf is for HOPE… The second for FAITH…The third for LOVE… And the fourth for LUCK!

As I kid, I spent a ton of time searching those clover patches in the grass for the elusive four-leaf clover. Being a person who believes you can’t have too much good luck, those lucky 3-leaf clovers can come in real handy!

So how about the rest of y’all? Ever found a four-leaf clover in those three-leaf clover patches? Any special St. Patrick’s Day traditions in your house?

Good Luck

Cowboy “Valentine’s” Poetry

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I love cowboy poetry. Just like my favorite western reads, cowboy poetry is often full ofĀ humor and vivid western imagery.Ā  In honor of the approaching Valentine’s Day, I’m going to share a few of my favorites.

A love Poem

My horse is brown,
my dog’s name is Blue.
I feel so lucky to
have someone like yo
u.

Your hair is like cornsilk
blowing in the breeze.
It’s softer than Blue’s
without all the fleas.

Cut from good cloth
like my best longjohns,
You pluck chickens all day
and still sing sweet songs.

I think I’m in love,

and I’m tickled pink.

We go together like, a skunk goes with stink


Gunnin’ for Cupid

By Charlie Sierra

I got my twelve-gauge primed up
With a double-ought buck load;
If Cupid wants to keep his hair,
He won’t come up MY road.

If that varmint comes around this year,
I’m gonna lay him low;
He won’t get no chance to nock
An arrow in his bow.

Ya guessed it- love has wounded me;
My heart’s shot fulla holes,
‘N’ one dang woman slapped
A runnin’ iron on my SOUL!

Them ladies throw a big wide loop
‘N’ rope me ever’ year;
But I’m gonna shoot their scout,
Afore they make this bull a STEER!

I think I’ll mount his cherub head
Right up above the door;
Or should I let him live,
‘N’ keep him ’round to do the chores?

Either way, I reckon
I’ll be doin’ men a favor;
They’ll break them chains of love at last,
‘N’ consider me their savior!

He’s comin’ now, ’cause I can hear
The sound of flappin’ feathers;
All right, Cupid, fill yer hand!
Time to slap some leather!

Aw dang, there’s someone with him!
That Cupid shore is shady;
How’d he know that I ain’t got
The heart to SHOOT A LADY?

For My Valentine

by Bruce Satta

When I’m countin’ blessin’s
You are always first.
You’re there with me in good times,
And right there for the worst.
You’ve stuck with me through thick and thin
Along life’s windin’ trail.
When I describe my love for you –
Well, words can only fail

For at that fateful moment
I first gazed into your eyes,
I felt my soul aflutter,
Like a thousand butterflies.
I felt my spirit soarin’
As high as any cloud,
And since we’ve been together,
I couldn’t be more proud.

We have our disagreements
As every couple will,
Yet, even when our nostrils flare
We love each other, still,
And when we fight and squabble,
You know I can’t stay mad:
Why, you’re the best darned saddle horse
A fella ever had.

Do you have any favorite poems?

If you liked these, here’s a few cowboy poetry sites:

Cowboy Poetry.com,Ā  The Poet’s Corner, Cowboy Fun, Poetry Scriber

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Hurdy-Gurdies and Dancing Halls

I didn’t write the passage below, but thought it a great collection of info on Hurdy-Gurdies and Dancing Halls during the mining boom, a colorful part of western mining towns, one that started off for the most part as wholesome entertainment.

In the first years after the California gold rush of 1848, the first saloons and dance halls of the West were tents or primitive cabins with pounded dirt floors, but quick prosperity soon created a range of styles and degrees of elegance, so that by the late ‘7Os and early ‘8Os, establishments of luxury and opulence vied for the attention — and the money — of the miners.

Dance Hall Girls
The lure of money and gold soon brought the amenities of civilization, meaning more available women, drugs, gaming, and entertainment. The mining and trail towns of the West, such as Leadville, Cripple Creek, Deadwood, Tombstone, and Abilene, soon earned unsavory reputations as sinks of depravity, and while they probably could not compare to the contemporary urban scene, they were truly wild by 19th century standards. Large mobile populations, free of the restraints of family, anonymous, with no reputations to protect, created an environment of violent death, unbridled morals, and general rowdiness to match. Many of the dance hall girls as well as the men fell prey to death in the violent gunfights, venereal disease, and the widespread use of such narcotics as opium and laudanum.
“Fights in Leadville kept life from being monotonous,” a local historian wrote. “Misunderstandings ended in knifings, shootings, and free-for-alls. Men fought on the streets, in saloons, in dance halls, in hotels, at the theatres.”
By most accounts, the earliest dance hall girls were considered good girls, at least by Western standards. The very first women in the mining camps of California were German girls who were called hurdy-gurdy girls after the musical instruments of the same name, and the name also became attached to the dance hall. While a long way from virginal status, the first girls were so prized that they did not have to participate in prostitution. Because they were so few, women in the early dance halls were expected to follow a respectable code of behavior and men were expected to keep their distance. One old miner recalled seeing a sign in a hurdy-gurdy house: “A SKIRT IS A SKIRT AND MUST BE RESPECTED AS SUCH!” The owner of the Alhambra, a hall in Silverton, Colorado, posted the following set of rules:
Rule 1. No lady will leave the house during evening working hours without permission.
Rule 2. No lady will accompany a gentleman to his lodgings.
Rule 3. No kicking at the orchestra, especially from the stage.
Rule 4. Every lady will be required to dance on the floor after the show.
Rule 5. No fighting or quarrelling will be allowed.


As competition grew rapidly, the fine line between prostitution and the dance hall thinned, blurred, and finally disappeared.