Archive for the Technology category.

The 150th anniversary of the Transcontinental Telegraph

Published at October 24th, 2011 in category History - General, Technology

 

  Hi there - Winnie Griggs here. I was looking through my handy-dandy 'This Day In History' calendar a few days ago and discovered that 150 years ago today the Western Union Telegraph Co. linked the eastern and western networks of telegraph systems at Salt Lake City, Utah. For the first time in our nation’s history nearly instantaneous communication between Washington D.C and San Francisco, CA was possible.  I'd heard quite a bit about the Transcontinental Railroad but nothing about the Transcontinental Telegraph so I decided to do a little digging and then share with you something of what I learned. The first transcontinental telegraph was actually sent by the chief justice of California, Stephen Field, and was sent to President Abraham Lincoln. In the historic missive, Field predicted that the newly established communication venue would help ensure that the western states would remain loyal to the Union during the Civil War. A little of the history behind this historic event: An efficient telegraph system was first developed in the 1830s and in the ensuing years spread with phenomenal speed. By 1850 lines covered most of the eastern part of the country as well as the fast growing territory of California. When California achieved statehood in 1850 it became the first state not contiguous with the rest of the country. Almost immediately there was a major push to connect this new state with the rest of the country via communication and travel services. In 1860, Congress passed the Pacific Telegraph Act and awarded a contract to Hiram Sibley, president of the Western Union Company. Mr. Sibley took the contract and formed a consortium between his company and telegraph companies in California to undertake the commission. The task involved building lines to connect the system at the western-most edge of Missouri and the one at Carson City, Nevada. Sibley formed the Pacific Telegraph Co. to construct the eastern leg and the California telegraph companies consolidated into the Overland Telegraph Company to build the western leg. The two lines would eventually meet at Salt Lake City, Utah. Most of 1860 was spent collecting materials for the project, and construction began in earnest in 1861. Right from the start there were significant problems along the way with provisioning the construction teams. Glass insulators and wire had to be shipped to San Francisco by sea and then transported to the construction sites in the west by wagon - this included a trek over the Sierra Nevada. Finding sources for telegraph poles was also a challenge in the mostly treeless plains areas as well as the deserts of the Great Basin. The line from Omaha in the east made it to Salt Lake city first, arriving on October 18, 1861. The Transcontinental connection was completed six days later when the line from Carson city joined it on October 24, 1861. A side result of this momentous accomplishment that happened almost immediately was that it made the Pony Express obsolete.  On October 26th, a scant two days after the lines were joined, this adventurous, dedicated relay mail service which had previously provided the fastest means of communication between the western and eastern United States, officially closed.  Just as often happens today, the new technology made their jobs obsolete.

Green Ranching

Published at April 11th, 2011 in category Professions, Ranching, Technology
I'm always intrigued by new ways of using technology to improve farming, and with the latest buzz being about sustainability and environmental responsibility, I did a little research into some new trends. What I found was pretty interesting, and I'm still learning and trying to understand some of it (a scientist I am not).  I'm pretty intrigued by two ideas and interestingly enough they are on different ends of the spectrum - one is taking ranching into the future, and the other is returning to grassroots ideas. So cool idea #1 - Have you ever heard the saying "Making honey out of dog #$*&"? Now you can make electricity from refuse - specifically manure. Manure makes gas, which is then converted into electricity. Methane never smelled so good. If you take a look at this ranch's site, you'll see how they use the manure from their cows to create enough electricity to completely power their own operation - and then some.  There's been a lot of development in this area over the last few years; I hope other Canadian operations will soon follow suit!  As Spring Creek puts it: When you work with a live inventory that keeps eating and growing everyday, challenges are a fact of life; they also present a heap of opportunity.  Case in point, cattle produce manure; crop production results in organic waste...It simply makes sense to renew the resources that sustain our family and community - today and well into the future. I'm guessing this is a pretty expensive venture to set up, and yes there are manufacturing considerations for fuel cells etc. but one would hope there would also be grants available to assist. What a renewable resource! Everybody poops! Holy Cow! The other cool idea is one I came across researching some areas in Southern Alberta. I found one particular operation that's kickin' it old skool when it  comes to methods. The OH Ranch takes conservation very seriously - through a Heritage Rangeland Designation and Conservation Easements. What does that mean? I'm going to snag the explanation from the OH Ranch Site: For the OH Ranch, the public grazing land portions of the Longview and Pekisko sections of the ranch are now designated as heritage rangeland. The heritage rangeland designation helps protect about 10,200 acres (41.28 square kilometers) of public land that has consistently been ranched under grazing leases by the OH Ranch. The designation helps preserve a way of life through the continuation of traditional ranching practices that have stewarded and managed sensitive native prairies in southern Alberta for generations. Conservation easements are voluntary agreements between a private landowner and a qualified land trust which limits the amount and type of development that can occur on a property. Easements are negotiated to preserve the natural character of the land, and its ecological integrity, scenic values and/or scientific and educational potential. The OH Ranch is working with the Nature Conservancy of Canada and Southern Alberta Land Trust Society on conservation easements for their Longview and Pekisko ranch lands, and with Ducks Unlimited on easements for he Dorothy and Bassano ranch lands. The easements will be registered against the land title, ensuring that current and future owners manage he land according to terms of the easements. The other term you'll see here is "traditional ranching practices". Since its inception in 1883, the OH Ranch has always operated using traditional methods. Today, cowboys continue to ride the range, moving cattle and doctoring sick animals in the open field by roping from horseback. While the ranch owns trucks and other equipment, horses are still the primary mode of transportation on the ranch and continue to be used for such tasks as packing fencing supplies, minerals and salt and protein blocks. The OH Ranch is one of the few large cattle outfits in North America which continues to be operated utilizing historic methods. It's really interesting to see ranchers come up with new ways of preserving the environment and staying sustainable in an economic climate that is anything but farmer-friendly.

Wincester 1866 Repeating Rifle – aka The Yellow Boy

Winchester (U.S.) Model 1866 Lever Action Rifle (repeater/ breech-loading/ black powder/ cartridge ammunition) Last time we discussed the Winchester 1873 Repeating Rifle. Today, I want to introduce the precursor to that rifle - the Winchester 1866 Repeating Rifle, aka The Yellow Boy. The Yellow Boy got its name because of the shiny brass frame. The design improvements over the original Henry repeating rifle ensured the Yellow Boy’s success. In 1866, Nelson King, an engineer with Winchester Repeating Arms, patented a spring load gate for ease of loading cartridges into the side of a spring-fed, closed-end tube attached under the barrel. The tube held fifteen bullets. Add the one in the chamber and you could pull the trigger sixteen times before reloading. The 1866 Yellowboy lever-action rifle was a marked improvement over the Henry rifle. It was the first true cowboy lever-action rifle, and the first rifle widely carried in a cowboy-style saddle scabbard. Both the “Henry and Winchester Model 1866 "Yellow Boy" rifles found a ready market on the western frontier. The Indians referred to these arms as "many shots," and "spirit gun," which showed a measure of awe and respect for the products of the New Haven-based company. Many warriors were able to obtain these arms for themselves, and more than twenty of them were used against George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry and their single-shot Springfield carbines at the Little Bighorn in June, 1876. Winchester repeaters also found favor with miners, homesteaders, ranchers, lawmen, and highwaymen.” http://www.nramuseum.com/the-museum/the-galleries/the-american-west/case-42-the-guns-that-won-the-west-colt-winchester/winchester-model-1866-lever-action-rifle.aspx Winchester produced the Yellow Boy as a musket, a carbine (shorter barrel, often around 19”) and a rifle with a barrel up to 24 ¼”. Some 150,000 Yellow Boys were produced from 1867 to 1892-93. The carbine version of the 1866 Yellowboy was a hit worldwide. Chief Sitting Bull had one; the forces of Benito Juarez used the rifles in Mexico; the Turkish Army used the new Winchester Yellowboy against the Russians; and settlers in the U.S. bought thousands for frontier use. Based on its popularity and performance, the “Yellow Boy” earned the title of "the gun that won the west." The Yellow Boy’s popularity with Native Americans as well as the general shooting public continued its production well after the introduction of the more powerful Model 1873 Winchester began. The Yellow Boy is still popular in Hollywood. The Yellow Boy appeared in many of the Spaghetti Westerns, and, more recently, TomChaney (Josh Brolin) carried one in the new release of True Grit. Winchester chambered it for the .44 Henry Flat round, or a flat nosed bullet. Though it didn’t have a lot of power for a rifle, the Henry Flat had already been proven in combat.  The Flat was a rimfire cartridge, which means the hammer strikes the rim of the cartridge, not the center. It wasn’t until near the end of production--when the 1876 Centennial Rifle was being produced--that Winchester developed a .44 center-fire cartridge for the 1866 rifle. Here’s a tidbit that might come in useful in your plot - No dust covers were used on the 1866.  This did permit dust and other debris to enter the action, which meant misfiring or not firing at all--which can put the shooter in a real tight spot. Next time -- the gun that started it all: The Henry Repeating Rifle.

The First Western Movie Star

Published at March 21st, 2011 in category History - General, Technology, Western Movies
129 years ago today Maxwell Henry Aronson was born.  Max eventually changed his name to Gilbert M. Anderson, but you would probably know him better by the name of the character he played in over 300 films - Broncho Billy. Anderson was a native of Pine Bluff, Arkansas.  He drifted into acting, working first as a photographer’s model and newspaper vendor before moving into work as a vaudeville performer.  In 1903 Anderson landed a role in The Great Train Robbery by claiming he could ride a horse like a Texas Ranger.  When it turned out he could hardly climb onto a saddle, he was demoted to ‘extra’ and ended up playing several minor parts in the film.  The resulting 10 minute movie found an enthusiastic reception from the general public, and Anderson was hooked.  He decided to make his career in the fledgling moving picture business. Anderson formed a partnership with old friend George Spoor and together they created the Essanay Company (the name is a play on the first letter of each of their last names “S and A”).  This company was destined to become one of the early film industry’s predominant studios.  At first Essanay made comedies, but Anderson couldn’t forget the success of The Great Train Robbery and soon he focused on Westerns.  But where Anderson really differentiated himself, is that he was one of the first to realize that the public needed a ‘star’ to latch on to, a central character they could really focus on.  But at that time (1909) the big names of the stage were reluctant to risk their careers on the new medium of film.  So Anderson decided to take on that star role himself, creating the character of Broncho Billy from ideas he collected for the most part from popular dime novels.  Anderson wrote and directed most of the movies himself and within five years he had filmed over 300 one or two reel movies featuring his new character.  Most of these films were distributed simultaneously in the U.S. and Great Britain.  And while Anderson was not especially dashing, audiences liked Broncho Billy for his bravery and virtue.  As a side note, Essanay studios also filmed many Charlie Chaplin shorts, including The Little Tramp. In 1915 , Anderson’s final film in the Broncho Billy series, Broncho Billy’s Sentence, was released.  He turned to writing for a while and then later attempted a comeback.  But by then more dashing actors such as William S. Hart and Tom Mix had taken over the hearts of film viewers.  So he made comedies for a while before finally retiring from film. Some of the milestones in his later years:
  • 1958 - Received an honorary Oscar as a "motion picture pioneer, for his contributions to the development of motion pictures as entertainment."
  • 1965  - he made a cameo appearance at age 85  in a modern Hollywood Western called The Bounty Killer, his first talking picture.
  • 1998 - posthumously honored with his image on a U.S. postage stamp.
  • 2002 - posthumously inducted into the National Cowboy Hall Of Fame
  • Anderson also has a star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame.
Gilbert Anderson died in his sleep in 1971 at the age of 90 at a sanitarium in South Pasadena, Ca.  He was cremated and his ashes were placed in a vault at the Chapel of the Pines Crematory in Los Angeles.

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Published at September 15th, 2010 in category New Releases, Technology

BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Last week something fun and wonderful happened to me, way sooner than I expected it to. The release of Redeeming Daisy, the second inspirational novella about the Martin family of Hearts Crossing Ranch, where can i order Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) without prescription. So soon on the heels of Marrying Mattie, Buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) without prescription, my sensual Western Historical released two weeks ago, I found myself not only in Seventh Heaven but also realizing that both heroes, some 130 years apart, Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) for sale,  are horse doctors. Buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) from canada, So I reckoned a trip down Vet History Lane was a good topic for today. And anybody who comments gets in a name-draw for a pdf. copy of Redeeming Daisy, BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION.

Okay, canada, mexico, india. Long ago, Japan, craiglist, ebay, overseas, paypal, the caretakers of the horses of the ancient Roman army were called veterinarii. The term itself derives from the Latin root for beast of burden.  The first veterinary school was founded in Lyon, France, buy cheap Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc), in 1762. Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) over the counter, But in colonial America, words like veterinarian, horse doctor, purchase Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc), or even animal doctor weren’t part of the vocabulary. BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, (In fact, fifty years ago or so, vet care for house pets was often considered frivolous.)   For the colonists, animal disease was surrounded by mystery, superstition and ignorance—pretty much the same as for human ailments. Buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online no prescription, Simple cures were largely unknown, because even  physicians had little information on bacteria and anatomy.  Often a sick horse was tended by a herdsman or farrier (blacksmith) with roots, herbs, where can i find Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online, and often witchcraft.  The prevailing and unfortunate creed was—the more it hurt, Rx free Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc), the better it must heal. This mentally just breaks my heart.

By the early 1800’s, order Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online overnight delivery no prescription, professional veterinarians, Purchase Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online no prescription, most of them graduates of the  London Veterinary College founded in 1791, began migrating to America’s cities. Without suitable veterinary schools here, buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online cod, young men apprenticed with these professionals and went on to become animal doctors. There were also medical doctors who used their knowledge of humans to treat animals, and other doctors who served both “man and beast.”

                                                                                              

On the frontier, most horse doctors were self-taught, like Call Hackett in Marrying Mattie, BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Purchase Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online, He has studied science at university level and extensively educates himself by reading treatises by such animal scientists as William Youatt. He performs necropsies when he can in a little lab he has set up in a shed on his land. Pike Martin in Redeeming Daisy is, real brand Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online, of course, Buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) no prescription, a fully accredited twenty-first century large animal vet.

             

                                                                           

Back in the 1800’s, where can i buy cheapest Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online, books and pamphlets on horse medicine helped spread knowledge. Buy cheap Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) no rx, The first surgical anesthesia upon a horse was performed in London in 1847 and helped advance animal surgery in America. Prior, surgical techniques were rarely attempted on horses: forcible restraint and terrible anguish were just not pleasant for anybody, buying Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online over the counter, especially the animal.  I get chills just imagining such torture on a senient creature who has no intellectual concept of  "Hey, Where can i order Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) without prescription, big horsie. This is gonna hurt like a son of a gun, but it's downright good for you."

  

Dr, Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) trusted pharmacy reviews. Isaiah Michener of Pennsylvania, whose education credentials are unknown, started a practice in 1836 and contributed many articles to Philadelphia periodicals and country newspapers, BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. His criticism of the funds spent “to build theatres, Where can i buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online, railroads and canals” while the ravages of livestock diseases were neglected began to spread. Hence, the first veterinary association was launched in Philadelphia in 1854, online buying Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) hcl.

The development of veterinary schools soon followed. Order Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) online c.o.d, New York College of Veterinary Surgeons, chartered in 1857 at New York University is generally claimed to be the first veterinary college established in America. BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Prompted by funding from the 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act as well as concerns over post-Civil War animal disease epidemics,   Iowa State College (now University)   offered  its first animal science  class in 1872 and officially founded its veterinary school in 1879.    

       

 By the late 19th century, where to buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc), a collective of institutions, Buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) from mexico, agricultural organizations, and scientific periodicals united veterinarians in a common cause.  The U.S, fast shipping Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc). Veterinary Medical Association was founded in 1863, Australia, uk, us, usa, later renamed American Veterinary Medical association in 1898.

                                                                                                       

One fun fact:  In 1912, Chandler, Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) gel, ointment, cream, pill, spray, continuous-release, extended-release, Arizona was established by and named for Dr. A.J, BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) samples, Chandler, a veterinarian who graduated with honors in 1882 from Montreal Veterinary College at McGill University. He left a successful practice in Detroit to come to Arizona in 1887 to set health standards for the growing cattle industry, Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) price, coupon. Creating a network of canals and electric pumps to draw ground water, Buy Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) without a prescription, he transformed his ranch into a green empire in an arid land. He was able to raise enough grain and alfalfa on 300 acres to feed 2,000 head of cattle and several hundred sheep, Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) from canadian pharmacy.

BUY Amlodipine (Generic Norvasc) ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Dr. M. Phyllis Lose, VMD, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School in 1957, the first female equine vet, or horse doctor, in the United States.

                          

The following picture doesn't really have a thing to do with veterinary science but it's such a fun picture since I'm talking about horses today. It's my grampa, a minister, on his way to court my gramma in Kansas about 1915. His horse was named Babe, and he just loved her.  Gramma, too.    

                         

Any veterinarian  stories today.

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Published at May 24th, 2010 in category History - General, Technology

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BUY Otibact ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, (If you're interested in receiving a copy of my upcoming release, read through to the end of this post)

 

Did you know that the scientific principles behind 3-D movies had their first practical application as early as 1838?  That’s when Charles Wheatstone patented his reflecting stereoscope.   I’m sure you’ve all seen stereoscopes before, in pictures ifviewer 04 not in actuality.  But do you know how they work.

Actually, order Otibact online c.o.d, Purchase Otibact online, they work in much the same way human vision works.  Because our eyes are spaced about two inches apart we see everything from slightly different angles.  Our brains, wonderful creations that they are, fast shipping Otibact, Buy Otibact no prescription, then process these into a single image with both dimension and depth.  Charles Wheatstone applied this principle to his invention, using drawings that were pairs of reverse images and a series of mirrors to create the illusion of a single three dimensional image. 

In 1850, Otibact for sale, Otibact gel, ointment, cream, pill, spray, continuous-release, extended-release, glass images were developed.  Though an improvement on the earlier drawings, the quality was low and the price was relatively high. 

Queen Victoria took a fancy to the device when she saw one demonstrated at the Crystal Palace Exposition in 1851, buy cheap Otibact no rx, Buy no prescription Otibact online, and suddenly they were all the rage in Europe.  It was somewhat later before the fascination took hold in America.

These early stereoscopes were large, purchase Otibact, Otibact trusted pharmacy reviews, bulky and table mounted, requiring a large commitment of space as well as money.  But all of that changed a few short years later.  With the advent of photographic improvements, order Otibact from United States pharmacy, Where to buy Otibact, tintypes, daguerreotypes and flat mount paper became available, where to buy Otibact, Buy Otibact online cod, greatly improving the quality of the images.  cameraEarly attempts had photographers taking one photograph then slightly shifting the camera and taking a second.  The next evolution had photographers utilizing a rig that had two cameras mounted on it to take the twin photos.  Eventually an enterprising inventor created a camera with two lenses

Then, in 1862 Oliver Wendell Holmes and Joseph Bates created a compact, purchase Otibact online no prescription, Buy Otibact without a prescription, handheld viewer named the Holmes stereopticon and the popularity of stereviewer 02oscopes exploded.  In fact, ordering Otibact online, Comprar en línea Otibact, comprar Otibact baratos, by the end of the century, in spite of their expense, buying Otibact online over the counter, Buy Otibact online no prescription, you could find one of these devices in many middle and upper class parlors of the time.  The most popular slides were the travelogue type that depicted exotic landmarks such as the pyramids of Egypt and the closer-to-home scenic beauty of Yellowstone.   The marvels of the Chicago Worlds Fair of 1892 and the St. Louis World Fair also made their way onto stereoscopic slides.  As Burke Long put it, order Otibact from mexican pharmacy, Order Otibact online overnight delivery no prescription, “Mass-produced and relatively cheap, the integrated system of mechanical viewer and photographs became fashionable for classroom pedagogy, australia, uk, us, usa, Where can i buy cheapest Otibact online, tourist mementos, and parlor travel to exotic places of the world.”  You could say that, online buy Otibact without a prescription, Otibact over the counter, as a form of entertainment, the stereopticon was the Victorian era’s equivalent of today’s DVD players. 

 slide 07

By the 1920s movies and the enhanced availability of cameras to the ‘common man’ began to supplant the stereopticon’s hold on people’s  interest.  But theVmaster stereopticon survives to this day.    The child’s toy View-Master, order Otibact no prescription, Buy Otibact without prescription, named one of the top 50 toys of the twentieth century, is a direct ‘descendent’ of the stereopticon, where can i order Otibact without prescription, Japan, craiglist, ebay, overseas, paypal, utilizing the very same principles. 

So, do any of you have any first hand experience with a stereopticon? 

 

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Published at March 20th, 2010 in category Technology

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Published at February 19th, 2010 in category Technology

margaretbrownley-150x150Margaret Brownley


 

BUY Chantix ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, Scams, advertisements and demands from Prince “Wants Your Money” from some foreign country:  Sound like your e-mail. Order Chantix online overnight delivery no prescription, You’re close. Only back in the 19th and 20th centuries it was called the telegraph.  Not only did the telegraph create a quicker way to get junk mail, online buying Chantix hcl, Australia, uk, us, usa, it changed the way Victorians lived, did business, buy cheap Chantix no rx, Chantix for sale, received news and yes, even fell in love, fast shipping Chantix. Buy Chantix online cod, In his fascinating book, The Victorian Internet, comprar en línea Chantix, comprar Chantix baratos, Canada, mexico, india, Tom Standage tells us that there really is nothing new under the sun.  Meetings, chat rooms, online buy Chantix without a prescription, Buy generic Chantix, games, and illicit affairs were just as prevalent 150 years ago as they are today.  And what, japan, craiglist, ebay, overseas, paypal, Where to buy Chantix, for that matter is a text message but a telegram, forcing people to be brief and to the point, where can i order Chantix without prescription. Buy Chantix from canada, (Tell that to your teen!)

If you think acronyms such as LOL and BTW are a modern concept, think again, buy Chantix without prescription. Telegram security was an issue and secret codes were devised, BUY Chantix ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Chantix samples,  Government regulators tried to control this new means of communication, but failed, buy Chantix online no prescription. Chantix price, coupon, Sound familiar.

Though the telegraph was first conceived in the 1600s and an optical one developed in the 1700s, kjøpe Chantix på nett, köpa Chantix online, Purchase Chantix, it took a tragedy to make the dream of fast communication over long distances a reality.

Samuel Morse: A Love Story


Samuel Morse was an artist commissioned to paint a portrait in Washington. Upon receiving a letter informing him of his wife’s sudden death, where can i buy Chantix online, Order Chantix from mexican pharmacy, he returned to his New Haven home as quickly as possible, but he had already missed her funeral.  This had to be very much on his mind seven years later when he in a chance conversation aboard a ship he learned that electricity could travel along any length of wire almost instantaneously.  Unaware that others had tried and failed to create a fast way of communications using this method, order Chantix from United States pharmacy, Buy cheap Chantix, he immediately set to work.    

What Hath God Wroughtanimationtelegraph?


It took Samuel Morse 12 years to perfect his invention and many trials and tribulations, but he was convinced that this new way of communicating would allow a husband to reach a dying wife’s bedside or save the life of a child.  He thought it might even prevent wars.  His hard work and perseverance paid off.  On May 24, buying Chantix online over the counter, Real brand Chantix online, 1844, he sent the telegraph message "what hath God wrought?” from the Supreme Court chamber in the Capitol in Washington, purchase Chantix online, Where can i buy cheapest Chantix online, D.C., to the B & O Railroad Depot in Baltimore, Chantix gel, ointment, cream, pill, spray, continuous-release, extended-release, Rx free Chantix, Maryland.

No longer was it necessary to communicate solely through trains, mail or horse, buy Chantix no prescription. BUY Chantix ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION,  Even Morse himself couldn’t have imagined how telegraphic communications could change society. Comprar en línea Chantix, comprar Chantix baratos,

Boon and Bust for Outlaws


Then as now, the first to embrace the new technology were criminals, buy Chantix without prescription. Purchase Chantix online no prescription, The first telegrams sent were horse bets and lotteries.  A man named Soapy Smith opened a fake telegraph office in Skagway, Alaska during the gold rush of 1897. The wires went only as far as the wall. The telegraph office obtained fees for "sending" messages from gold-laden victims. Though outlaws such as Butch Cassidy routinely cut wires or jammed telegraph keys to prevent lawmen from tracking them down, the telegraph eventually helped put an end to the train robberies that plagued the west. 

Wired Romances


Western Union might have been the first equal opportunity employer as women telegraphers were prevalent.  The ratio of men to women in the New York office in the 1870s was two to one.  Women operators were often chaperoned but that didn't stop women from forming relationships with partners in distant offices.  As a result, wire romances bloomed and one couple even married by telegraph, BUY Chantix ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. However, not all online romances had a happy ending.  In 1886, The Electrical World magazine ran an article titled The Dangers of Wired Romances. That same article would no doubt be just as timely today.

Tom Standage writes that time traveling Victorians arriving in today’s world might be impressed with our flying machines but they would be unimpressed with the Internet. They did, after all, have one of their own.

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A Lady Like Sarah in Bookstores now


Leave a comment and you might even win a copy.

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Published at October 21st, 2009 in category Technology

marryingminda-crop-to-useOn our recent trip north to visit our niece Katie and hubby John in the Lake Tahoe BUY Zocor ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, area, we paused to take in the sites and history of Sacramento including the mansion  some-wedding-sacramento-reno-tahoe-2009-115of Leland Stanford (1824-1893). Online buying Zocor hcl, Stanford wore such hats as California governor, railroad baron, buy Zocor no prescription, Purchase Zocor, university founder…and race horse owner. One of the video displays at the mansion shows his search to settle one of the hot debates of the 1870’s: Is there a moment in a horse’s gait when all four hooves are off the ground at once?


 leland-stanford


There is a legend that Leland Stanford bet $25, Zocor trusted pharmacy reviews, Order Zocor online c.o.d, 000 that it was true. Common reaction at the time nixed the idea, buy Zocor online cod. Order Zocor online overnight delivery no prescription, After all, if God wanted horses to “fly”, buy Zocor from canada, Order Zocor from mexican pharmacy, He would have given the creature wings.  But determined to settle the question, Stanford hired celebrity photographer Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) to prove it, canada, mexico, india.


 


Actually Muybridge was born Edward Muggeridge in Kingston-Upon-Thames, Surrey, near London, BUY Zocor ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Where to buy Zocor, He adopted the more dramatic moniker, believing it to be the true Anglo-Saxon spelling, buy Zocor online no prescription. Zocor price, coupon, eadweard-muybridgeHowever, he soon shortened it to Helios and became one of San Francisco’s most celebrated landscape photographers, where can i find Zocor online, Order Zocor no prescription, taking more then 2,000 photographs with 20x24 inch negatives, online buy Zocor without a prescription. Purchase Zocor online no prescription, His 1867 photographs of Yosemite Valley brought the valley…and himself…almost mythic status.


 


He accepted Stanford’s challenge in 1872 and came to “the farm” in Palo Alto, Zocor over the counter. (It now is Stanford University.)  After a bit of a detour –Muybridge went on trial for killing his wife’s lover— he found it wise to spend some time in Mexico and Central America BUY Zocor ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, even though he was acquitted on the grounds of justifiable homicide. Buy Zocor from mexico, Here he did photography work for Union Pacific Railroad, one of Stanford’s companies, where can i order Zocor without prescription. Real brand Zocor online, In 1877 Muybridge came back to Palo Alto and continued his experiments in motion photography, using 12 to 24 cameras and a special shutter he developed that gave an exposure of 2/1, rx free Zocor, Where to buy Zocor, 000 of a second. stanford-horse-farm-camera



Muybridge’s first attempt indeed captured Stanford’s horse, Occident, australia, uk, us, usa, Buy cheap Zocor no rx, silhouetted against white sheets with all four feet off the ground. Although these original pictures didn’t survive, where can i buy Zocor online, Buy Zocor from mexico, Muybridge continued to work with Stanford to develop techniques in the “science of animal motion.”

In 1878, he succeeded in photographing a sequence of frames produced on wet plate with 12 cameras that proved the “flying horse.” The slow wet plate collodion process produced images that were mostly silhouettes, Zocor over the counter, Zocor for sale, but they showed something never before seen by the human eye. muybridge-horse-3

 

 

iscientific-american-october-18-18781Scientific American and other prominent publications featured articles on Muybridge’s accomplishment. However, where can i find Zocor online, Where can i buy cheapest Zocor online, Stanford invited his close friend, horseman and medical physician  Dr, where to buy Zocor. J.B.D, BUY Zocor ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Online buying Zocor hcl, Stillman to produce a book analyzing the horse-in-motion. Stillman used Muybridge’s photography without crediting the photographer, where to buy Zocor. Order Zocor no prescription, Interestingly, when Muybridge sued Stanford and Stillman for copyright infringement, he lost his suit.

Eadweard migrated to the University of Pennsylvania after that where he developed sequences of human figures, both clothed and naked (including himself unclothed). BUY Zocor ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, This important collection helped scientists and artists study human and animal movement, and many of the sequences were published in 1887 in a portfolio,  “Animal Locomotion, An Electro-Photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movement.”. To simplify, imagine the “flip books” of your childhood. And actually, Muybridge’s sequences are available for kids in just this format in the mansion gift shop.

For all these reasons, and for the big one -- the zoopraxiscope—Eadweard Muybridge is often called the father of the motion picture. To illustrate his lectures, he developed the'scope; its lantern projected images in rapid succession onto a screen. The images came from his photographs, printed on a glass disc. From the rotating disc came the illusion of moving pictures, BUY Zocor ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. muybridge-zoopraxiscope

Muybridge’s zoopraxiscope display, an important predecessor of the modern cinema, was a sensation at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Muybridge continued to promote his photography and publish his work until his retirement in 1900 at which time he returned to England. “Animal Locomotion” is still in demand by art students today.     flying-single-horse 

I’m always amazed at the progress and prowess of people who came before. What a debt we owe to their ingenuity, their resilience. In honor of Eadweard Muybridge’s legacy, what are your favorite motion pictures?

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Published at September 7th, 2009 in category History - General, Technology



 


 


 


Hi y’all.  Happy Labor Day!  BUY Acai Natural Energy Boost ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, I hope you’re able to take advantage of the holiday to kick back and do something relaxing or fun or, better yet, both!


My latest project had a deadline of Sept. 1st and after a number of very late nights getting it polished up and ready to send in I’m kicking back a bit myself before I dive into the next project. 


But on to the current post.  I was recently doing a bit of research to see if it would be possible for someone in Texas in 1890 to have access to ice in the middle of summer.   I knew, rx free Acai Natural Energy Boost, Buy generic Acai Natural Energy Boost, of course, that in the northern parts of the country, Acai Natural Energy Boost for sale, Where to buy Acai Natural Energy Boost, folks would harvest large blocks ice-harvestof ice in the winter and store them away underground or in some other manner that would ensure they would have ice available for most of the year.  But here in the south it is rare that the ponds and lakes freeze over, even during the coldest parts of the year. 


So, order Acai Natural Energy Boost no prescription, Acai Natural Energy Boost from canadian pharmacy, I started digging around for info, and in the process I discovered a few interesting little tidbits.  Though some pioneering efforts into artificial ice manufacturing were already in place in the first half of the nineteenth century, comprar en línea Acai Natural Energy Boost, comprar Acai Natural Energy Boost baratos, Australia, uk, us, usa, the application was very limited and “natural ice” was still the most common source.


Before the Civil War “natural ice” was shipped from points north to the south via rail and ship.   In fact, ice from New York was shipped as far away as India.  (Who would have thought ice would survive a trip like that?)


ice-machineThe change from the use of natural ice to that of manufactured ice was slow in coming.  Many folks distrusted ice created in the crude factories, buy Acai Natural Energy Boost online no prescription, Ordering Acai Natural Energy Boost online, believing natural ice was healthier and cleaner (despite the questionable sanitary conditions of the water sources and collection procedures).  The push to accept artificial ice was ultimately accelerated by those in the south who grew tired of having to rely on the north for their supplies.  This grew more pronounced with the advent of the Civil War, when the south was almost entirely cut off from their ice suppliers.  It was at this time that enterprising and inventive men stepped forward to develop alternatives. 


Texas and Louisiana, purchase Acai Natural Energy Boost online no prescription, Buy Acai Natural Energy Boost without a prescription, it appears, played a large role in the early work here in the United States relating to the development of commercial ice manufacturing. 


In 1865 Daniel Livingston Holden made several improvements on the Carre absorption machine, japan, craiglist, ebay, overseas, paypal, Buy Acai Natural Energy Boost from canada, a device patented in France, and installed it in San Antonio.  Within two years three of the eight ice manufacturing companies in the US were located in San Antonio


In 1868 the Louisiana Ice Manufacturing Company of New Orleans opened the very first ice-factorylarge scale artificial ice manufacturing facility - a plant with a sixty ton capacity.


Charles Zilker, purchase Acai Natural Energy Boost online, Buy Acai Natural Energy Boost without a prescription, who moved to Austin, TX from Indiana was another early entrepreneur in the ice-making arena.  In 1884, buy Acai Natural Energy Boost without prescription, Acai Natural Energy Boost samples, after working in and operating ice plants for a number of years, Zilker built his own plant and made a number of design improvements.  He established his first plants in Austin and San Antonio.  Later he constructed facilities in any area where he could find a sufficient supply of cooling water for the compressors and enough people to allow him to turn a profit.  By 1928 he owned plants raging from Texas to Atlanta to Pittsburg.  He eventually sold these for $1 million.


By 1900 there were over 760 ice plants in the US.  Texas was home to 77 of these, Acai Natural Energy Boost price, coupon, Buy generic Acai Natural Energy Boost, the most of any state in the union.  Beginning in the 1920s there was a gradual decline in commercial ice plants with the greater use of home refrigerators.


ice-teaSo there you have it - a short history of the ice industry in the United States.  Wherever and however you’re spending this Labor Day, when you raise those glasses of iced tea or soda, where to buy Acai Natural Energy Boost, Buy Acai Natural Energy Boost online cod, you can thank those enterprising fellows in Texas for helping to develop and improve on the technology that brought those nice cubes of ice to your glass.. Buying Acai Natural Energy Boost online over the counter. Where can i buy cheapest Acai Natural Energy Boost online. Where can i buy Acai Natural Energy Boost online. Canada, mexico, india. Order Acai Natural Energy Boost no prescription. Buy Acai Natural Energy Boost online no prescription. Purchase Acai Natural Energy Boost online no prescription. Real brand Acai Natural Energy Boost online. Order Acai Natural Energy Boost online overnight delivery no prescription. Online buy Acai Natural Energy Boost without a prescription. Acai Natural Energy Boost for sale. Buy cheap Acai Natural Energy Boost. Acai Natural Energy Boost over the counter.

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